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Lady Gaga Finally Hatches ‘Born This Way’

            She once performed in New York’s small bars searching for followers, but pop’s reigning queen Lady Gaga will likely score a huge audience when her second full-length studio album is officially leased next week.

            Early reviews for Born This Way,  which has already leaked onto the Internet ahead of the official May 23 release, have been modest. But a publicity blitz and Gaga’s social media power should produce strong sales regardless of whether it is any better than her first studio album The Fame, say music experts.

            “The first week sales figures are going to be pretty massive; after that, it will be up to the people to decide whether it really has legs,” Leah Greenblatt, music critic for Entertainment Weekly told Reuters. “But doesn’t she win either way? Clearly, we can’t stop talking about  her, and we won’t anytime soon.”

            Ensuring the 25 year-old New York singer’s chances, Greenblatt noted that Interscope Records, part of Universal Music Group, was ‘blanketing the album at every retail outlet short of Baskins Robbins.”

            Billboard said Gaga would likely oust British singer Adele’s 21--- the biggest selling album of the year with 1.7 million copies and counting --- from her eight week reign at the top of the Hot 200 album charts.

            “Born This Way” could be set for first week US in the range of 450,000 to 750,000 copies, according to Billboard. One fan website is devoted to getting the album to sell one million copies in its first week.

            Country singer Taylor Swift sold 1,047 million first copies of Speak Now in the United States last November, in what was the fastest selling new album in five years.

            Although the first four singles from Born This Way were already released, all fourteen tracks were streamed in Europe this week.

            Early reviews have been positive, if not glowing. Rolling Stone magazine said she still threw in some surprises. The single ‘Born This Way’ which moved one million iTunes downloads in just five days in February, “sounds different in the context of the album that shares its name: like an experiment in the audacious plus-sizing of Eighties dance-pop,” Rolling Stones said.

            The Lost Angeles review was less enthusiastic, noting with every style on the album from flamenco to blues, the “overriding influences are 70s disco and glam-rock”.

            But although there were interesting moments, the album wasn’t groundbreaking.

            “If Gaga had only spent as much time on pushing musical boundaries as she has social one, ‘Born This Way’ would have been a lot more successful.”

            Such is Gaga’s influence that she ousted Oprah Winfrey to claim No.1 in Forbes annual “The Celebrity 100” list that measures power by entertainment – related earnings, media visibility and social media popularity.

            “to make this record successful, all she needed to do was produce something – almost anything --- bold enough for people to react to. And Born This Way is , from the cover on in, a fire hose of such things,” New York Magazine said.

            Gaga, whose real name is Steffani Germanotta, is a master of managing her quickly image with flamboyant fashion choices and uniting a range of fans with messages of self-expressions, feminism, sexual freedom and inclusiveness.

            Greenblatt said Gaga, who has 32 million facebook fans and 10 million twitter followers, had “relentlessly hyped” the album for months.

            “She first came at us three years ago in this very sneaky way; her debut album sort of crept in the side door of pop culture and just built this incredible, organic  momentum. So in a lot of ways Born This Way is the opposite of that.”

            And she hasn’t shied away from again encouraging the eccentric image she promotes.

(Christine Kearney, Reuters/New York, The Jakarta Post)

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“If Gaga had only spent as much time on pushing musical boundaries as she has social one, ‘Born This Way’ would have been a lot more successful.”

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Giver and Taker, “Mighty Mississippi” Never Tamed

           

            The Aamerican Indians, says author Lee Sandin, imagined it as “a giant sleeping snake that would wake up ecery seven years and attack who ever was alongside it.”

            Flowing naturally or overflowing menacingly, it is impossible to over estimate the Mississippi River’s importance to the American economy and pyshce. And right now, engorged neyond the limits of our control, the river is awake on the attack.

            Says Clyde Dufour, a fish wholeseller in Simmesport, Louisiana, north west of baton Rouge : “The river been making our lives.” But he adds, “It ain’t our friend right now’”

            If the Appalachian Mountains are the nation’s spine, then the Mississippi is its aorta. Winding through 10 states on its 3,782- kilometer course, it carries nearly half of all US inland waterbourne commerce, generates megawatts of power,and produces a bounty of protein from catfish to bowfin caviar.

            No one has put a dollar figure on all of the jobs directly dependent on the Mississippi. But when a barge collision and fuel spill closed a 161-kilometer stretch of the river in 2008, the Port of New Orleans estimated the cost to the US economy at $275 million a day.

            On an average day, the rivers carries about 20 ‘’tows” with 30 barges each, which each of those barges respresenting about 60 tractors-trailers, says Bob Anderson, a spokesman for the US Army corps of engineers in Vicksburg, Mississippi. About 500 million tons of cargo is barged through the river’s mouth each year, he says.

            “we call it America’s Superhighway,” he says

            According to the Corps, 250 tributaries drain into the Mississippi from a 3,24 million square-kilomater basin that gaters water from 41 percent of the continental United States. The name comes from a Chippewa Indian word that translates roughly as “very big river”.

            Spanish cconquistador Hernando De Soto, believed to be the first Europian to explore the river, dubbed it “Rio Grande” after entering its stream in 1541. When he died a year later, legend has it, he waswrapped in blankets, weighted down with sand and buried beneath its muddy water.

            Unfettered access to the Mississippi has been crucial since the nation’s infancy. When the Spanish revoked American’s access to the Port of New Orleans in 1802, Thomas Jefferson dispatched special envoy James Monroe to Napoleon’s France for negotiations that would eventually result in the Louisiana Purchase.

            “All eyes, all hopes, are now fix on you,” the president wrote to Monroe in January 1803, “for on the event of this mission depent the future destinies of this republic.”

            It was during two flatboat trips down the Mississippi that a young Abraham Lincoln got his forst full understanding of the evils of slavery. Years later, on July 4, 1863, it was Ulysses S. Grant’s capture of Vicksburg and reopening of the river that restored President Lincoln’s flaging hopes of saving the unions.

            “The Father of Waters,” he wrote to the confidant, “again goes unvexed to the sea.”

            The great river’s head waters are a glacial lake northwest of St.Paul, Minn. Where it empties from Lake Itasca, the “Mighty Mississippi” is only about 20 feet (6.1 meters) wide and 3 feet (0.90 meters) deep – “just a small crick,” says Dave Evenwoll.

            But that’s enough to draw up to 6,000  visitor’s a year to Bert’s Cabbins, the resort he and wife Pat run at Lake Itasca State Park.

            “we’ve had people from every continent practically, other than maybe Antarctica,” says Pat Evenwoll, whose father opened the resort in 1939.

            Adds Dave : “if it wasn’t for the river, we wouldn’t be here.”

            The Evenwolls say many of their visitors come with plans of canoeing the Mississippi from its source to the Gulf of Mexico. But it is traffic of a much larger variety that dominates the waterway-and makes it so  vital to the nation’s economy.

            Sandlin says that role is relatively new one. “Mississippi shipping had almost entirely died out by the end of the 19^th century,” says Sandlin, author of last year’s “Wicked river : the Mississippi When It Last Ran Wild.” “And then the Army Corps of Engineer’s work on it over the course of the 20^th century began bringing the shipping back up again.”

            Rivers are living things. And the thing about the stream is that it always seeks the path of least resistance to its designation. By the late 1800’s, the Mississippi was wanting to jog to the left, by passing the Louisiana capital of baton Rouge and the busy Port of New Orleans. That’s when the Corps stepped in.

            In his book, “Life On The Mississippi” Mark Twain observed : “The Military Engineers  have taken upon their shoulders the job of making the Mississippi over again --- a job transcended in size by only the original job of creating it.”

            After 130 years  of building locks and dams, levees and floodwalls, canals and spillways, we have corralled the Mississippi to the point, says Sandlin, where “its almost entirely an artificial creation.”

            We have felt relatively save building along its banks. And that is what raises the stakes so high when the river doesn’t do what we want it to.

            Barclays Capital estimates that nearly 20 percent --- 3,5 million barrels a day ---- of the country’s total oil refining capacity is located ‘within a floodable distance’ of the river, with more than 14 percent located adjacent to the Mississippi.

(Allen G. Breed, Associated Press Simmesport, Louisiana, The Jakarta Post)

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Down On The farm In Tengtou

            Tengtou near Ningbo city in Zhejiang province, has been recognize by the United Nations as a World 500 Ecological Best and by China as Best Village of China.

            Although deemed a “modern village”, Tengtou’s charms lies not in what others would expect in an advanced  village. There are no  massive machines for mass-agricultural production, but the village is not a nostalgic picture of old thatched houses and muddy roads either.

            “Isn’t it fascinating that a village can be so beautiful and so rich with out becoming industrialized, like so many villages in China?” asked Li Xun, a 46-year-old visitor from Hunan province.

            Tengtou’s strategy of making tourism and environmental protection mutually beneficial is one of the unique draws of the village.

            The village farmland makes the most of nature, human power and clean energy. Many of the agricultural and production practices are designed to make life easier but not in a way that harms the environment. Power is clean and recycleable, farming is advanced by the use of rotation strategies, cultural relics are well preserved and tourists help in the process of growing flowers, fruits and trees in the village.

            A highlight for visitors to the National Agriculture Demonstrative Park in Tengtou village is the experience of seeing and taking part in rural production methods, such as spinning yarns, weaving cloth and milling and hulling rice. The merits of this century – old production methods are now valued again in a time when sustainable development is highly emphasized.

            Waterwheels are especially popular among visitors, who love to get close to nature. Installed on a stream running across the village, several kinds of waterwheels help irrigate fields alongside the stream. It is not an easy job to get the wheel to run and requires cooperation of at least two people at the same pace, and some strength to keep the wheel turning.

            Milling rice is not only an opportunity to see traditional food processing but also a chance to make rice pudding. The slightly sweet desert with a lasting flavor of rice has been enjoyed in eastern China for thousand of years.

            More modern agricultural technologies do not go unused, but they are unseen. To utilize the fertile soil, the modern idea of rotating planting and harvesting  fruits and vegetables makes sure there is always fresh produce in the village. Bananas, roses, grapes, chrysanthemum pears, peaches – you name it, they grow it.

            With more than 100 different vendors in the village selling fruit, vegetables and flowers, visitors have access to the freshest crops. Visitors who wish to bring a piece of the idyllic life home can also choose from a variety of bonsai trees.

            Summer is an especially good time to visit Tengtou village, when peaches and watermelons are fresh and ripe. It is said that the peaches in Tengtou are so juicy that you can simply pierce the peach with a straw and drink until only a skin and stone remain.

            Organic watermelon will cool off even the hottest summer heat and is also a must-try.

            And those looking for a little entertainment need look no farther than the locals. In the pavilion next to field, Tengtou resident perform their favorite acts of Yueju opera, second in popularity in China only Peking opera, as a part of their daily entertainment.

            Anyone who is a fan of Chinese traditional art will also enjoy the well-preserved stone windows, furniture and locals relics that date back to Ming Dynasty.

            “This is a place that both of our ancestors and we envy,” said Howard Yamazaki, a Japanese tourist who has visited the village four times.

            The nearly 100 households in Tengtou are prepared to host tourist from all over the world. Homestays in Tengtou village promise a cheerful morning waking up to singing birds.

            “I’ve learned from the practices here that perhaps we are going too fast,” Yamazaki said. “If we slow down a little bit or return to old practices a little bit, we’ll explore better ways for life.”

Wu Yiyao, China Dailyjann, The Jakarta Post

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Elasticity of supply, as a response to changes in price, is related to demand. economists define 'demand' as a consumer's desire or want, together with his willingness to pay what he wants. we can say that demand is indicated by our willingness to offer money for particular goods or services. Money has no value in itself, but serves as a means of exchange between commodities which do have a value to us. People very seldom have everything they want. Usually we have to decide carefully how we spend our income. When we exercise our choice, we do so according to our personal scale of prefences essential commodities comes first. (food, clothing, shelter, medical expenses, etc) then the kind of luxuries which help us to be comfortable (telephone, special furniture, insurance, etc) and finally those non-essentials which gave us personal pleasure (holidays, parties, visit theathers or concert, choco;ates, etc). They may all seem important, but their true importance can be measured by deciding which we are prepared to live without. Our decisions indicate our scale of preferances and therefore our priorities. Elasticity of demand is a measure of the change in the quantity of a good, in response to demand. The change in demand results from a change in price. Demand is inelastic when a good is regarded as a basic necessity, but particulary elastic for non-essential commodities. Accordingly, we buy basic necessities even if the prices rise steeply, but we buy other things only when they are relatively cheap.

Say whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F), and if they are false say why.

• When people offer money for particular goods, they indicate that a demand exist.  (T)
• Money is usually valuable in itself (F) 

      --> Money has no value in itself, but serves as a means of exchange between    commodities which do have a value to us.

• People do not usually have everything they want (T)
• Basic needs come before luxuries (T)
• Our decisions on how to use our money show what we need most and what we are willing to do without. (T)
• Demand for essential commodities is always elastic (F)

        --> Demand is inelastics when a good is regarded as a basic necessity, but particulary elastic for non-essentials commodities.